The Architecture and Landscape Gardening of the Exposition

A Pictorial Survey of the Most Beautiful of the Architectural Compositions of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition



With an Introduction by

Louis Christian Mullgardt
F.A.I.A.
Architect of the Court of Ages
Member of the Architectural Commission of the Exposition



Paul Elder and Company
Publishers - San Francisco



Copyright, 1915, by
Paul Elder and Company
San Francisco



The courtesy of the Cardinell-Vincent Company, official photographers of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, of granting permission to reproduce the selection of official photographs appearing in this volume, is gratefully acknowledged



To the spirit of Community Loyalty by which greatest results are accomplished. To generous Collective Energy which unites the world's people in universal kindliness. To the wholesome people of our San Francisco, whose united efforts unconsciously disproved the impossible, this book is affectionately dedicated.

L. C. M.



Reflection



International Expositions are independent kingdoms in their corporate relation with other countries of the world. They are phantom kingdoms wherein the people do everything but sleep. They germinate and grow with phenomenal energy. Their existence is established without conquest and their magic growth is similar to the mushroom and the moonflower; they vanish like setting suns in their own radiance. Thousands of neophytes of every race, creed and color come with willing hearts and hands to do homage and bear manna to nourish the sinews of a phantom kingdom.

The National Constitution of phantom kingdoms commands that the Spirit of beauty, refinement, education, culture and frolic shall govern. The result is that they contain many palaces and shrines decorated with sculpture and painting and that the earth is studded with fountains and pools within tropical gardens. Such a Kingdom exists within a wonderful valley bordering on a great sea. It is surrounded by high velvet hills of fine contour and by many real cities. As the people look down on this phantom kingdom from the hill-tops, or from ships sailing on the water, they see Architecture nestling like flamingoes with fine feathers unfurled within a green setting.

If building Phantom Kingdoms symbolizes man's highest aims on earth, then the same is true when building Real Kingdoms. Architecture and the sister arts are the most reliable barometers in recording human thought. They are direct exponents of a universal language wherein national progress is most clearly read.

People who build Phantom Kingdoms look hopefully for universal approval by all mankind.

L.C.M.



Contents

Reflection. Louis Christian Mullgardt
The Architecture and Landscape Gardening of the Exposition. Louis Christian Mullgardt

Illustrations

The Rotunda of the Palace of Fine Arts - A View by Night. Hilda Van Sicklen, photo. (Frontispiece)
Panorama - Exposition from Presidio Heights. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Tower of Jewels - The Illumination by Night. J. L. Padilla, photo
Fountain of Energy - A View in the South Gardens. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Festival Hall - South Gardens and Mermaid Pool. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Festival Hall - The Terrace and Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Festival Hall - Mermaid Pool in the Mist. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Palace of Horticulture - The Dome and East Entrance. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Horticulture - Dome and Spires by Night. James M. Doolittle, photo
Palace of Horticulture - The Colonnade on the East. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Horticultural Gardens - Floral Exhibit in the Open Avenue of Palms -
View from Administration Avenue. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Education - Main South Portal. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Education - One of the Minor Entrances. Pillsbury Pictures
Court of Palms - The Sunken Pool by Night. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Palms - Portal, Palace of Education. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Court of Palms - Portal, Palace of Liberal Arts. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Palms - Italian Tower from Main Portal. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Palms - In the Colonnade by Night. William Hood, photo
Court of Palms - A Curve in the Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Liberal Arts - Portal, From the South Gardens. Cardinell-Vincent, photo
Palace of Liberal Arts - The Tower of Jewels by Night. J. L. Padilla, photo
Palace of Liberal Arts - Elephant Fountain Niche by Night. W. Zenis Newton, photo
The Tower of Jewels - The Great Roman Archway. W. Zenis Newton, photo
The Tower of Jewels - Colonnade, The Fountain of Youth. W. Zenis Newton, photo
The Palace of Manufactures - Portal, From the South Gardens. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Flowers - Fountain, Beauty and the Beast. J. L. Padilla, photo
Court of Flowers - Portal of Varied Industries. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Flowers - A Vista in the Colonnade. William Hood, photo
Court of Flowers - Italian Tower from Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Flowers - The Friendly Lion at the Portal. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Palace of Varied Industries - Main Portal. Cardinell-Vincent, photo
Avenue of Palms - The South Facade by Night. Cardinell-Vincent, photo
Avenue of Progress - The Fine Vista to the Marina. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Machinery Hall - The Central Arch in the Portal. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Machinery Hall - The Colonnade in the Portal. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Machinery Hall - One of the Minor Entrances. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Mines - A Lamp Niche in the Court. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Ages - The Tower by Night Illumination. William Hood, photo
Court of Ages - The Fountain of Earth. Pillsbury Pictures
Court of Ages - The Garden of Hyacinths. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Ages - A Glimpse from the Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Ages - A Vista in the Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of Ages - The Tower through North Aisle. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Florentine Court - Palace of Transportation. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of the Universe - Through Three Great Arches. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of the Universe - Triumphal Arch, The Setting Sun. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of the Universe - Triumphal Arch, The Rising Sun.
Court of the Universe - Fountain of the Rising Sun. Pillsbury Pictures
Court of the Universe - Fountain of the Setting Sun. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of the Universe - The Fountain Pool and Tower. James M. Doolittle, photo
Court of the Universe - Corinthian Colonnade and Gardens
Court of the Universe - In the Promenade by Night. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Court of the Universe - A Niche and Urn by Night. Jesse. T. Banfield, photo
Palace of Transportation - In the Corinthian Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Venetian Court - Palace of Agriculture. James M. Doolittle, photo
Court of the Four Seasons - The Night Illumination. William Hood, photo
Court of the Four Seasons - The Great Half Dome. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Court of the Four Seasons - The Western Archway. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of the Four Seasons - One of the Colonnade Murals. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of the Four Seasons - The Ionic Columns. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Court of the Four Seasons - The Colonnade and Lawn. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Court of the Four Seasons - The North Colonnade by Night. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Food Products - The Portal from the Gardens. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Food Products - A Detail of the Main Portal. W. Zenis Newton, photo
The Esplanade - North Facade, Column of Progress. W. Zenis Newton, photo
North Facade - A View from the Bay. Pillsbury Pictures
Palace of Food Products - A View from the Fine Arts Laguna. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Palace of Education - A View from the Fine Arts Laguna. Cardinell-Vincent, photo
Palace of Education - The Half Dome of Philosophy. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Education - The Fountain in the Portal. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Administration Avenue - The Fine Arts Laguna
Palace of Fine Arts - The Rotunda and Laguna. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Palace of Fine Arts - The Rotunda and Peristyle. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Fine Arts - The Peristyle and Laguna
Palace of Fine Arts - In the Peristyle Walk. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Fine Arts - The Rotunda from the Peristyle. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Fine Arts - The Peristyle Walk by Night. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Palace of Fine Arts - A Fountain in the Laguna. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Palace of Fine Arts - A Picturesque Garden Fountain. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Palace of Fine Arts - The Garden and Fountain of Time. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
California Building - Bell Tower and Forbidden Garden.
California Building - The Arches of the Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
California Building - A Vista in the Colonnade. W. Zenis Newton, photo
California Building - The Forbidden Garden. Hilda Van Sicklen, photo
California Building - The Semi-Tropical Garden. W. Zenis Newton, photo
Netherlands Pavilion - As Seen from the Laguna. Pillsbury Pictures
Italian Pavilion - The Piazzetta Venetia. Cardinell-Vincent, photo
Italian Pavilion - In the Court Verrochio. James M. Doolittle, photo
Avenue of the Nations - Tower of Sweden's Pavilion. W. Zenis Newton, photo
The Esplanade - A View of the Foreign Pavilions. W. Zenis Newton, photo
The Esplanade - A View of the State Buildings. W. Zenis Newton, photo
The Zone - A Holiday Gathering The Zone - The Bizarre Decorations. J. L. Padilla, photo
The Fireworks - Star Shells and Steam Battery. Jesse T. Banfield, photo
Zone Salvo - The Final "Big Noise." Jesse T. Banfield, photo